History of Research on Heavy Metals in the Roadside Environment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4467/2543702XSHS.25.014.21852Keywords:
research history, heavy metals, roadside environmentAbstract
For a number of years, research has been conducted around the world to not only determine the concentration of heavy metals along traffic routes, but also to develop a dispersion pattern for emissions generated by transportation in areas adjacent to roads. The history of these studies is relatively brief, as it covers just over eighty years. However, this research is significant in terms of the development of motor vehicle exploitation over recent years and the negative impact of road transport on human, animal, and plant health. Substances originating from motor vehicles are qualified as highly harmful, and growing crops or living near roads makes us particularly susceptible to their impact.
At the beginning of the research targeting the impact of roads on the environment, scientists focused primarily on determining the content of lead and cadmium in soils and plants. Over time, as ecological awareness and technological progress accelerated, research on determining the content of metals in the environment expanded to other elements along with their impact on biodiversity and human health. The first works described the distance from the road as the main factor influencing roadside pollution. Subsequent years and observations led to the description of at least several factors that influence the dispersion of pollution along roads. Thanks to monitoring studies undertaken around the world for several decades, which quantify the content of heavy metals in soils and plants, it has become possible to observe changes in the concentration of metals in the roadside environment over the years and to compare the concentration of metals in soils and plants extracted from areas prior to the construction of roads (the so-called background areas) with the concentrations of metals in these components of the environment in later roadside areas.
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