A Critical Comment on T.S. Kuhn’s Views about the So-called Copernican Revolution and Several Current Prejudices – Barriers in Scientific Communities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4467/2543702XSHS.23.004.17695Keywords:
Thomas Samuel Kuhn, Kuhnian research, Copernican revolution, Copernican studies, structure of scientific revolutions, hypothetico-deductive method of correspondence thinking, biography, autobiography, hypothetico-deductive method of Korespondenzdenken, critical analyses, content analysis, prejudices and barriers in scientific communities, Matthew effect in science, intellectual peripheries, intellectual centres, real and alleged centres, linguistic barriers, mental remnants of the cold war barriers, underdeveloped scientific communication, case study, methodology of historical sciencesAbstract
The article is a case study on the views of the famous T.S. Kuhn about the so-called Copernican revolution. Generally, Kuhn is presented as a very successful historian and philosopher of science: an author of world bestsellers. The division among his supporters, i.e. about so-called left-wing and right-wing Kuhnians, is recalled, and the fact that Kuhn himself vehemently dissociated from a large proportion of his adherents. It is also noted here, that in the last 30 years, in addition to abundant hagiographic literature on T. S. Kuhn, there have also been a few critical studies of Kuhn’s achievements.
The rest of the article presents the author’s critical analysis of Kuhn’s views on the so-called Copernican Revolution, which formed the basis of Kuhn’s scheme of scientific development presented in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962); i.e. the world’s most famous monograph in social sciences and humanities so far.
The criticism encompasses a genesis, content and reception of Kuhn’s views and the development of his interpretations. The analysis is carried out by the means of methodology of historical sciences and a scientific method, which the author describes as the hypothetico-deductive method of correspondence thinking.
The criticism is based on the author’s current publications (developed here further on), which were sadly unnoticed by the researchers, although presented in the world center for the Copernican research, and are available on the Internet freely.
This fact leads the author to the assumption that international Kuhnian research is underdeveloped seriously and that strong prejudices – barriers may exist in scientific circles, such as, e.g., primacy of number of citations (and other bibliometric indicators) over content analysis, the Matthew effect, the effect of alleged and actual scientific centers and peripheries, some mental remnants of the Cold War, as well as underdevelopment of scientific communication.
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Kokowski, Michał 2008a: About the mutual relationships between philosophy and natural sciences. A Dialogue with theses by prof. Jan Woleński, abp. prof. Józef Życiński and prof. Władysław Stróżewski (in Polish). Prace Komisji Filozofii Nauk Przyrodniczych PAU 3, pp. 19–54.
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Kokowski, Michał 2012a: The Different Strategies in the Historiography of Science. Tensions between Professional Research and Postmodern Ignorance. [In:] Roca-Rosell (ed.) 2012 [2010], pp. 27–33. URL: https://home.cyf-kr.edu.pl/~n1kokows/Kokowski-Barcelona-2012.pdf (accessed on: 3 July, 2023).
Kokowski, Michał 2012b: Copernicus, Arabic Science, and the Scientific (R)evolution. [In:] Bala (ed.) 2012, pp. 55–72. DOI: 10.1057/9781137031730_4. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304793020_Copernicus_Arabic_Science_and_the_Scientific_Revolution#fullTextFileContent.
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Kokowski, Michał 2012d: About the defectiveness of the reasoning for the ultimate discovery of the remains of Nicolaus Copernicus. Results and interpretation of historical research, archaeological, anthropological and anthroposcopic research (in Polish). [In:] Kokowski (ed.) 2012c, pp. 177–215. URL: https://home.cyf-kr.edu.pl/~n1kokows/kokowski_o_wadliwosci_1.pdf (accessed on 3 July, 2023).
Kokowski, Michał 2012e: About the defectiveness of the reasoning for the ultimate discovery of the remains of Nicolaus Copernicus. Results and interpretation of genealogical, historical and genetic research (in Polish). [In:] Kokowski (ed.) 2012c, pp. 217–314. URL: https://home.cyf-kr.edu.pl/~n1kokows/kokowski_o_wadliwosci_2.pdf (accessed on 3 July, 2023).
Kokowski, Michał 2015a: Uniwersytet nowego humanizmu (University of New Humanism). Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa 1 (203), 2015, pp. 17–43. URL: https://home.cyf-kr.edu.pl/~n1kokows/Kokowski-ZN-1-2015-2-Uniwersytet-nowego-humanizmu.pdf (accessed on 3 July, 2023).
Kokowski, Michał (ed.) 2015b: The Nicolaus Copernicus grave mystery. A dialog of experts (Kraków 22–23 II 2010). Edited by Michał Kokowski. Kraków: Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences 2015; ISBN 978-83-7676-196-1 (hard cover), pp. 316. URL: https://home.cyf-kr.edu.pl/~n1kokows/M.Kokowski-ed.-The-Nicolaus-Copernicus-grave-mystery-2015.pdf.
Kokowski, Michał 2015c: On the defectiveness of the argument for the finality of the discovery of the remains of Nicolaus Copernicus. Part 1: Results and interpretation of historical, archaeological, anthropological and anthroposcopic research. (Published in Polish in December 2012). [In:] Kokowski (ed.) 2015b, pp. 169–207. URL: https://home.cyf-kr.edu.pl/~n1kokows/M.Kokowski-On-the-defectiveness-1-169-207.pdf (accessed on 3 July, 2023).
Kokowski, Michał 2015d: On the defectiveness of the argument for the finality of the discovery of the remains of Nicolaus Copernicus. Part 2: Results and interpretation of genealogical, historical and genetic research. (Published in Polish in December 2012.) [In:] Michał Kokowski (ed.) 2015b, pp. 209–304. URL: https://home.cyf-kr.edu.pl/~n1kokows/M.Kokowski-On-the-defectiveness-2-209-304.pdf (accessed on 3 July, 2023).
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