Keywords
women
terrorism
extremism
women terrorists
refugee camps
Abstract
The aim of this article is to present the situation of women in the caliphate and in the structures of ISIS (the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, ar. Ad-Dawla al-Islāmiyya fῑ al-’Irāq wa aš-Šām) through the prism of Arabic-language media reports published on websites information services. In the article, the author presents the media image of women in ISIS showed by the Arabic and Western media. While some of them assign marginal roles to women as housewives,
mothers and wives, and thus present their reality in this caliphate, there are also other media reports focusing on the active involvement of women in the organization’s activities. Most of the articles are from 2019. This is due to the fact that with the fall of the caliphate, many media began to make some kind of accounts and summaries of the activities of the terrorist organization ISIS.
References
Bibliografia
Cook J., Vale G., From Daesh to ‘Diaspora’: Tracing the Women and Minors of Islamic State, London 2018.
Hanne O., Flichy de la Neuville T., Państwo Islamskie. Geneza nowego kalifatu, Warszawa 2015.
Irfani N., Saripi B., Female Members of ISIS: A Greater Need for Rehabilitation, „Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses” 2015, t. 7, nr 3, s. 26–31.
Kneip K., Female Jihad – Women in the ISIS, „Politikon” 2016, nr 29, s. 89–100.
Styszyński M., Środki retoryczne w manifestach organizacji Al-Kaida i Państwo Islamskie, Poznań 2020.
Wasiuta O., Wasiuta S., Mazur P., Państwo Islamskie ISIS. Nowa twarz ekstremizmu, Warszawa 2018.
Wojtowicz A., The Emergence of Female Terrorism, „Dans Sécurité Globale” 2013, nr 3, s. 123–140.
Źródła internetowe
Storey K., The American Women of ISIS, „Marie Claire”, 22 IV 2016 r., https://www.marieclaire.com/politics/a20011/western-women-who-join-isis/ [dostęp: 3 IX 2021].
Speckhard A., Ellenberg M., ISIS and the Allure of Traditional Gender Roles, ICSVE, 13 VIII 2021 r., https://www.icsve.org/isis-and-the-allure-of-traditional-gender-roles/ [dostęp:5 IX 2021].
Arabskojęzyczne źródła internetowe
‘Abbās Ḥ., Ḍaḥāyā am ğallādāt? ‘an ta’qῑdāt qaḍaya nisā’ dā‘iš at-tā’ihāt bayna ṣifatῑ almar’ati
at-taqlῑdiyya wa al-mar’ati al-mutamakkina, Raseef22, 22 II 2019 r., https://raseef22.
net/article/185736-%D8%B6%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85-
%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%9F-
%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-
%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7 [dostęp: 17 VII 2021].
Abū Ġazāla D., Muḥārabāt tanẓῑm ad-dawla: al-waraqa al-aḫῑra?, BBC, 13 II 2018 r., https://www.bbc.com/arabic/middleeast-43006002 [dostęp: 10 IV 2021].
Al-Aḥmadῑ R., Naba’a al-ḥayāt, mubādarat li-i’ādat tā’ahῑl ārāmil dā‘iš fῑ al-raqqa,Sky News Arabia, 13 III 2021 r., https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle-east/1421377-%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D
%A9-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%95%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9-%94%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9
[dostęp: 27 VII 2021].
‘Amār R., Al-mar’āt wa tağnid al-’irhābῑῑn.. taḥḏῑrāt min ‘aūda dā‘iš, Al-Ain, 16 VI 2019 r.,https://al-ain.com/article/terrorist-women [dostęp: 10 VII 2021].
An-nisā’ al-ġarbiyāt fi dā‘iš.. ṣaġῑrāt as-sin wa muta’alimāt, Al-Arabiya, 28 V 2015 r.,https://www.alarabiya.net/arab-and-world/2015/05/28/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8% D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8 % B 4 % D 8 % B 5 % D 8 % BA % D 9 % 8 A % D 8 % B 1 % D 8 % A 7 % D 8 % A A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA [dostęp: 12 VII 2021].
‘Awād M., Dā‘iš yaftaḥu bāb tağnῑd an-nisa’ bišurūṭ fa-mā hiya?, Akhbar Al-An, https://www.akhbaralaan.net/news/arab-world/2016/08/09/%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%b4-%d9%8a%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%ad-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a8 %d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b-3%d8%a7%d8%a1 %d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b7-%d9%81%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%8a [dostęp: 22 VII 2021].
Dā‘iš yastaṯmiru fi nisā’i, „Asharq Al-Awsat”, 11 III 2019 r., https://aawsat.com/home/article/ [dostęp: 5 VII 2021].
Dustūr ḫāṣ li-al-mar’at fῑ dā‘iš, Echorouk El Yawmi, 8 II 2015 r., https://www.echoroukonline. com/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5 %D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4 [dostęp: 10 VII 2021].
Ḥassan Ḥ., Nisā’ dā‘iš al-’almāniyāt, barā’ wāhiya waqanābil gāhiza li-al-infigār, Al-Ain,
XII 2019 r., https://al-ain.com/article/german-isis-women [dostęp: 11 VII 2021].
Jacobs A., Taṭawwūr dawr al-mar’ā fῑ tanẓῑm ad-dawla al-islāmiyya, Washington Institute,
IX 2017 r., https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/ar/policy-analysis/ttwr-dwr-almrat-fytnzym-
aldwlt-alaslamyt [dostęp: 5 VII 2021].
Muḥammadῑ Q., Al-Bāzῑ M., Dawr al-mar’a fῑ at-tanẓῑmāt al-ğihādiyya: al-qā‘idawa dā‘iš an-numuḏağ, Centre of Arab Unity Studies, https://caus.org.lb/ar/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9- %D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7-
%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7/ [dostęp: 12 VII 2021].
Mustaqbal al-mar’ā fi tanẓῑm ad-dawla al-islāmiya (dā‘iš), „Al-Jarida”, 1 III 2019 r., https:// www.aljarida.com/articles/1551371192373935000/ [dostęp: 7 VII 2021].
Nisā’ dā‘iš, Future, 17 III 2015 r., https://futureuae.com/ar-AE/Activity/Item/51/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1 %D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4 [dostęp: 20 VII 2021].
Saleh J., Nisā’ dā‘iš wa muḫῑm al-hūl, Washington Institute, 2 VIII 2021 r., https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/ar/policy-analysis/nsa-dash-wmkhym-alhwl [dostęp: 6 IX 2021].
Zanāz H., Nisā’ dā‘iš, ummuhāt al-idyūlūğiyā al-mutaṭarrifa, „Al-Arab”, 4 X 2019 r., https://alarab. co.uk/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7-
%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9 [dostęp: 20 VII 2021].
Zawāğ ’uūnlāῑn wa ’amwāl muḥawila, Al-Arabiya, 4 VII 2021 r., https://www.alarabiya.net/arab-and world/syria/2021/07/04/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1 [dostęp: 11 VIII 2021].
Z.nun A., Nisa’ da‘iš.. .a.ar ma ba‘ad al-hilafa, Irfaasawtak, 26 VII 2018 r., https:// www.irfaasawtak.com/articles/2018/07/26/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9 [dostep: 20 VII 2021].
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Internal Security Review (Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego)